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M9630535.TXT
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1996-02-27
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Document 0535
DOCN M9630535
TI A Tat-induced auto-up-regulatory loop for superactivation of the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter.
DT 9603
AU Biswas DK; Salas TR; Wang F; Ahlers CM; Dezube BJ; Pardee AB; Division
of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer; Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115, USA.
SO J Virol. 1995 Dec;69(12):7437-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96078986
AB The virus-encoded Tat protein strongly activates transcription of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A well-recognized mechanism involves
interaction of Tat with the nascent RNA transcript of the viral tar
gene; mutation of tar greatly decreases activation by Tat. However, Tat
still provides a low level of activation, demonstrating that it also has
a tar-independent mode of action. We propose that this tar-independent
mode of Tat action is through activation of gene transcription to
produce tumor necrosis factor alpha. This cytokine and other compounds
that activate NF-kappa B up-regulate the HIV promoter at a low level,
similarly to the second Tat action. Through this mechanism, they also
activate promoters of tumor necrosis factor alpha and other cytokines
and thereby establish an auto-up-regulatory loop. Activated NF-kappa B
motifs in the HIV promoter synergize with Tat/tar. Mutations of these
motifs decrease activation by Tat to a few percent of the wild-type
value. In cooperation, the two modes of activation by Tat (tar dependent
and cytokine based) set up positive up-regulatory loops which greatly
superactivate transcription of HIV. Agents that block these synergistic
pathways at three different steps and are more inhibitory in combination
than is any one alone have been found. Thereby, multidrug modalities for
transcription of HIV are proposed for virus suppression.
DE Base Sequence Cell Line Cytokines/*BIOSYNTHESIS/METABOLISM Gene
Expression *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Gene Products,
tat/*METABOLISM Human *HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/*GENETICS
Interleukin-1/BIOSYNTHESIS Interleukin-6/BIOSYNTHESIS Kinetics
Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis NF-kappa B/METABOLISM
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides *Promoter Regions (Genetics) RNA,
Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS/METABOLISM Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Transcription,
Genetic Transfection Tumor Cells, Cultured Tumor Necrosis
Factor/BIOSYNTHESIS JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).